اثرات تجارت خارجی بردریافتی‌های نیروی کار در صنایع کارخانه‌ای ایران: شواهدی جدید از نظریه‌های نوین تجارت

نوع مقاله : علمی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری دانشگاه مازندران

چکیده

با ظهور نظریه­های جدید تجارت در سال­های اخیر، چگونگی تاثیرگذاری رفتار تجاری بنگاه­ها بر دریافتی نیروی کار از جمله مهمترین مسائلی است که در مطالعات مختلف مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفته است. هدف اصلی مقاله حاضر بررسی اثرات انواع تجارت بر دریافتی­های نیروی کار در صنایع کارخانه­ای ایران به تفکیک کد سه رقمISIC و طی دوره زمانی پنج­ساله 92-1388است. برای محاسبه تجارت از چهار شاخص­ تجارت کل، تجارت درون صنعت، تجارت درون صنعت افقی و عمودی استفاده ‌شده و در بخش دریافتی­ها نیز دریافتی کل، دستمزد و مزایای حاشیه­ای سرانه به‌عنوان متغیرهای وابسته در نظر گرفته‌ شده‌اند. نتایج حاصل از تخمین مدل­ها با استفاده از روش گشتاورهای تعمیم­یافته دومرحله­ای بیانگر آن است که بین متغیرهای وابسته و مقادیر با وقفه آنان همبستگی مثبت و معنادار وجود دارد. همچنین شاخص سرمایه انسانی، شدت سرمایه و بهره­وری کل عوامل تولید نقش مثبت و معنادار را در ساختار دریافتی­ها ایفا می­کنند. در بخش شاخص­های تجارت نیز ملاحظه شد که تجارت کل اثرات مثبت و معنادار را بردریافتی­های نیروی کار برجای می­گذارد که این اثر در بخش مزایای حاشیه­ای بیش از دریافتی­های کل برآورد شده است. در حالی ‌که افزایش تجارت درون صنعت کل و عمودی موجب کاهش دریافتی­های نیروی کار می­شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Foreign Trade on Labor Earnings in Iranian Manufacturing Industries: New Evidence from New Trade Theories

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Rasekhi 1
  • Iman Cheratian 2
1 Professor at Economics Department, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Babolsar, Iran
2 Department of Economics and Administrative sciences, University of Mazandaran
چکیده [English]


The present research investigates the effects of foreign trade on the labor earnings in Iranian manufacturing industries at the three-digit aggregation level of ISIC classification over the period 2009-2013. For this purpose, relative total earnings, wages, and fringe benefits used as dependent variables and inter industry trade, intra-industry trade (IIT) in its' details (vertical and horizontal), human capital, capital intensity, total factor productivity and dependent variable with one lag used as explanatory variables in the models. By using of GMM two-step method, the results indicate that there is a positive path-dependency between the current and lagged values of dependent variables. The results also show positive and significant effects of inter industry trade on the labor earnings, still, these effects are more effective on fringe benefits than wages. On the other hand, intra-industry trades have a depressing effect on the labor earnings. Finally, increasing in the human capital, capital intensity, and total factor productivity is associated with more labor earnings in Iranian manufacturing industries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Trade
  • Total earning
  • Wage
  • Fringe benefits
  • Human capital
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