تاثیر سرمایه اجتماعی بر رابطه سرمایه انسانی و رشد اقتصادی

نوع مقاله : علمی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد آموزش، دانشگاه آیت الله بروجردی، بروجرد، ایران

2 استادیار اقتصاد، دانشگاه آیت الله بروجردی، بروجرد، ایران

چکیده

سرمایه انسانی از منظر نظریه­های اخیر رشد اقتصادی یکی از ملزومات اساسی رشد اقتصادی محسوب می­شود، اما بسیاری از کشورهای در حال توسعه علی رغم سرمایه­گذاری­های زیاد در گسترش نظام آموزشی و تقویت سرمایه انسانی، توفیقات چندانی در دستیابی به رشد اقتصادی پایدار و در نهایت توسعه اقتصادی نداشته­اند. هدف این مقاله پاسخگویی به این موضوع است که سرمایه انسانی تحت چه شرایطی می­تواند یک نیروی مولد برای رشد اقتصادی پایدار و در نهایت توسعه اقتصادی باشد. بدین منظور فرضیه اثرگذاری سطح سرمایه اجتماعی بر اثربخشی رابطه سرمایه انسانی و رشد اقتصادی مورد آزمون قرار گرفته است. نمونه آماری شامل 20 کشور توسعه یافته و در حال­توسعه شامل ایران با استفاده از داده‌های بانک جهانی و موسسه لگاتوم، طی سال­های 2009 تا 2018 در نظر گرفته شده است. در این پژوهش از مدل پانل پویای آستانه­ای و روش گشتاور­های تعمیم‌یافته (GMM) استفاده شده است. نتایج برآورد مدل نشان داده است که اثر­گذاری سرمایه انسانی بر رشد اقتصادی بستگی به سطح سرمایه اجتماعی دارد. به عبارت دیگر در شرایطی که سطح سرمایه اجتماعی پایین‌تر از آستانه 8/50 از شاخص سرمایه اجتماعی باشد، سرمایه انسانی توان اثرگذاری مثبت بر رشد اقتصادی ندارد بلکه به دلیل مسائلی چون بیکاری فارغ التحصیلان و پدیده فرار مغزها تاثیری منفی نیز بر رشد اقتصادی برجای می‌گذارد. اما در صورتی‏که سطح سرمایه اجتماعی بالا باشد و از آستانه 8/50 بالاتر رود، اثرگذاری سرمایه انسانی بر رشد مثبت می­شود و در چنین جامعه‌ای سرمایه اجتماعی به عنوان بستری برای شکوفایی سرمایه انسانی عمل می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Social Capital on the Relationship between Human Capital and Economic Growth

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Moftakhari 1
  • Younes Nademi 2
  • Ali Kavand 2
1 Master of Arts, Department of Economics, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran,
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd,
چکیده [English]

.
Human capital is one of the basic requirements of economic growth from the perspective of recent theories of economic growth. However, many developing countries have not been successful in achieving sustainable economic growth and ultimately economic development despite their large investments on expanding the education system and strengthening the human capital. The purpose of this article is to answer the following research question: Under what conditions human capital can be a productive force for sustainable economic growth and ultimately economic development? For this purpose, the hypothesis of the effect of social capital level on the relationship between human capital and economic growth has been tested. The sample included 20 developed and currently developing countries, including Iran. The data has been obtained from the World Bank and the Legatum Institute for the years 2009-2018. In this study, the Threshold Dynamic Panel Model (TDPM) and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) method have been used. The results of model estimation have shown that the impact of human capital on economic growth depends on the level of social capital, i.e., when the level of social capital is below the threshold of 50.8 of the social capital index, the human capital cannot have a positive effect on economic growth. However, issues such as graduate unemployment and brain drain phenomenon also have a negative effect on the economic growth. In contrast, when the level of social capital is high exceeding the threshold of 50.8, the impact of human capital is positive and in such societies, social capital acts as a platform for the flourishing of human capital.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Economic growth
  • Human capital
  • Social capital
  • Threshold dynamic panel
  • Developed and developing countries

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پژوهشنامه اقتصاد کلان Macroeconomics Research Letter
دوره 16، شماره 31
شهریور 1400
صفحه 179-198

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 مهر 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 02 اسفند 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 04 اسفند 1400

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