تحلیل اثر اشتغال‏زایی سرمایه‏‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی: مطالعۀ سیستماتیک

نوع مقاله : علمی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری کارآفرینی، گروه مدیریت و کارآفرینی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 دانشیار اقتصاد، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

سرمایه‏گذاری مستقیم خارجی به واسطۀ اهمیتی که در تأمین منابع مالی شرکت‏ها، دولت‏ها و انتقال تکنولوژی دارد؛ موضوع مطالعات بسیاری بوده و آثار و ارتباط آن با فاکتورهای مختلف اقتصادی از جمله اشتغال مورد توجه محققان قرار گرفته است. با این وجود هنوز مطالعۀ مروری منسجمی که علاوه بر اثر سرمایه‏گذاری مستقیم خارجی، سایر ابعاد موضوع را نیز مورد توجه قرار داده و یک نتیجه‏گیری قابل تعمیم از مطالعات استخراج کند، وجود ندارد. این مطالعه با هدف پر کردن این شکاف اطلاعاتی طرح‏ریزی شده است. از میان مقالات جستجو شده؛ 329 مقالۀ انگلیسی به چاپ رسیده در موضوع اثر سرمایه‏گذاری مستقیم خارجی بر اشتغال مطالعه گردید و نتایج به تفکیک ابعادی مانند اثر اشتغال‏زایی کوتاه‏مدت و بلندمدت، اثر بر نیروی کار ماهر و ساده و ... ارائه شد. در نهایت این قاعدة کلی از مطالعات استخراج گردید که اثر مثبت حداکثری FDI بر اشتغال زمانی حاصل می‏گردد که FDI در قالب شعبه جدید یا شرکت تابعه جدید به کشور میزبان وارد شده، آموزش نیروی انسانی خصوصاً نیروی ساده برای تناسب با سطح تکنولوژی وارداتی FDI صورت گیرد، سیاست‏گذاری و قانون‏گذاری برای حمایت از اشتغال به گونه‏ای باشد که ظرفیت جذب کشور را حداکثر نموده، FDI را ملزم به تأمین نیروی کار، مواد اولیه و خدمات مورد نیاز از داخل کشور میزبان نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Foreign Direct Investment Employment Effect Analysis: A Systematic Study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farzaneh Noori 1
  • Sohrab Delangizan 2
1 Ph.D. in Entrepreneurship, Management & Entrepreneurship Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Economics, Economics Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Foreign direct investment has been the subject of many studies due to its importance in providing financial resources for companies, governments, and technology transfer. Its effects and relationship with various economic factors, including employment, have been the focus of researches. However, there is still no coherent review study that takes into account other aspects of the issue and draw a general conclusion from the studies along with investigating the effect of foreign direct investment. This study is designed to fill this information gap. Among the searched articles, 329 published English papers about the effect of foreign direct investment on employment were studied and the results were presented according to dimensions such as the effect of short-term and long-term employment generation, the effect on skilled and simple labor force, etc. Finally, this general result was extracted that the maximum positive effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on employment is achieved when the FDI enters the host country in the form of Greenfield, and the training of human resources should be done by the FDI, especially the simple workforce, to match the level of technology imported by it. Policy making and legislation should support employment to maximize the country's absorption capacity and oblige the FDI to supply labor, raw materials, and required services from the host country.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Foreign direct investment
  • Employment
  • Policy making
  • Systematic review
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