بررسی اثر نابرابری جنسیتی در آموزش رشته‌های دانشگاهی علوم پایه، فنی و مهندسی و ریاضیات (STEM) بر رشد اقتصاد ایران: رویکرد سری زمانی ساختاری

نوع مقاله : علمی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران.

2 دانشیار اقتصاد، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران.

3 استاد اقتصاد، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

چکیده

آموزش به­ویژه در رشته­های دانشگاهی علوم پایه، فنی و مهندسی و ریاضیات (STEM)، یکی از شاخص­های با اهمیت سرمایه انسانی است. زیرا بیانگر ظرفیت اقتصاد برای نوآوری و خلاقیت است که هسته مرکزی رشد اقتصادی را تشکیل می­دهد. این پژوهش از مدل نولز و همکاران (2002) که نابرابری جنسیتی در آموزش را به مدل رشد منکیو، رومر و ویل (1992) اضافه کرده­اند استفاده می‏کند و به بررسی اثر نابرابری جنسیتی در آموزش رشته­های دانشگاهی علوم پایه، فنی و مهندسی و ریاضیات (STEM)، بر رشد اقتصاد ایران در دوره زمانی سال­های 1367 تا 1399 می­پردازد. در این بررسی به دلیل ماهیت تصادفی عوامل غیرقابل مشاهده­ی موثر بر رشد اقتصادی مانند پیشرفت تکنولوژی، از رویکرد الگوی اقتصاد سنجی سری زمانی ساختاری (STSM) استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می­دهد در دوره مورد مطالعه، اثر مثبت ثبت­نام زنان در این رشته­های دانشگاهی (STEM) بر رشد اقتصاد ایران بیشتر از اثر مثبت ثبت­نام مردان بوده است و افزایش نابرابری جنسیتی در آموزش این رشته­های دانشگاهی اثر منفی و معناداری بر رشد اقتصاد ایران داشته است. از این­رو انتظار می­رود با اتخاذ سیاست­های مناسب در بازار کار با هدف رفع تبعیض جنسیتی در این بازار، به برابری جنسیتی در آموزش این رشته­های دانشگاهی بیانجامد. زیرا رشد پایدار اقتصاد در گرو توجه به درهم­تنیدگی سیاست‏های بازار کار و سایر نهادها از جمله نهاد آموزش است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating The Effect of Gender Inequality in the Academic Education of Sciences, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) on the Economic Growth of Iran: A Structural Time Series Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • fatemeh sadeghpour 1
  • mohammad jafari 2
  • Zahra (Mila) Elmi 3
1 Ph.D. student in economics, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran,
2 Associate Professor of Economics, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
3 Professor of Economics, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran,
چکیده [English]

Education, especially in academic fields of basic sciences, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), is one of the significant indicators of human capital. STEM represents the economy's capacity for innovation and creativity, which forms the core of economic growth. The current research used the model of Knowles et al. (2002), who have added gender inequality in education to the economic growth model of Mankiw, Romer, and Weil (1992), to investigate the effect of gender inequality in STEM and deal with the economic growth of Iran in the period of 1988 to 2020. In this study, due to the random nature of unobservable factors affecting economic growth such as technological progress, the structural time series econometric model (STSM) approach was used. The results of the estimation showed that the positive effect of women's enrollment in STEM on economic growth is greater than the effect of men's enrollment, and the increase in gender inequality in STEM has a negative and significant effect on economic growth in Iran. Therefore, adopting appropriate policies in the labor market to eliminate gender discrimination will lead to gender equality in the education of these academic fields; because the sustainable growth of the economy depends on the intertwining of labor market policies and other institutions, including educational institutions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gender Inequality in Education
  • Academic Disciplines of Sciences
  • Engineering
  • and Mathematics (STEM))
  • Structural Time Series Model
  • Economic Growth
  • Iran
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