تاثیر آموزش بر منحنی زیست محیطی کوزنتس: رویکرد پانل آستانه

نوع مقاله : علمی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه آیت الله بروجردی، بروجرد، ایران

2 استادیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه آیت الله بروجردی، بروجرد، ایران

3 کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد آموزش، دانشگاه آیت الله بروجردی، بروجرد، ایران

چکیده

فرضیه کوزنتس محیط زیستی بیان می‌کند که رابطه درآمد‌ سرانه و آلودگی هوا شبیه یک رابطه U معکوس است، بصورتی‌که در سطوح اولیه توسعه ابتدا با افزایش درآمد سرانه، میزان آلودگی هوا نیز به دلیل رشد شتابان اقتصاد افزایش می‌یابد اما پس از دستیابی به سطحی آستانه‌ای از درآمد سرانه، داشتن هوای پاک تبدیل به یکی از مطالبات مهم جامعه می‌شود و توجه به حفاظت از محیط زیست بیشتر می‌شود و در نتیجه میزان آلودگی هوا نیز کاهش می‌یابد. نتایج پژوهش حاضر با بررسی مجموعه‌ای از کشورهای در حال‌توسعه و توسعه‌یافته و با استفاده از روش پانل آستانه‌ای و در بازه زمانی 2016-1990 نشان می‌دهد که منحنی زیست محیطی کوزنتس در کشورهای مورد بررسی وجود دارد و ارتقای سطح آموزش یکی از دلایل کاهش میزان آلودگی در این جوامع است. به عبارت دیگر، در سطوح ابتدایی توسعه، آموزش به دلیل عدم گستردگی نمی‌تواند اکثریت جامعه را از خطرات آلودگی آگاه سازد اما با توسعه نظام آموزشی بخصوص آموزش عالی در فرآیند توسعه، مسئله محیط زیست به یک مسئله اولویت‌دار برای جامعه تبدیل می‌شود. بنابراین با توسعه نظام آموزشی، سیاست‌های کنترل آلودگی و حفاظت از محیط زیست در جامعه شدت می‌گیرد و در نتیجه موجب کاهش آلودگی محیط زیست می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Impact of Education on the Environmental Kuznets curve: a Threshold Panel Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Younes Nademi 1
  • Seyaed Parviz Jalili Kamjoo 2
  • Sobhan Nazari 3
1 Associate Professor of Economics, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran
2 Department of Economics, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran
3 Master of Science in Economics, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran
چکیده [English]

The goal of this paper is to investigate the effect of education on Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). The EKC hypothesis states that the relationship between per capita income and air pollution follows an inverted U-shaped curve. At the initial stages of development, as per capita income increases, so does air pollution due to rapid economic growth and lack of attention to the environment. However, after reaching a threshold level of per capita income and increasing societal welfare, clean air becomes a demand for a healthy life. This leads to increased attention towards pollution control and environmental protection, resulting in a decrease in air pollution beyond a certain level of per capita income. The results of this research, which examined developing and developed countries using the threshold panel method from 1990-2016, confirm the existence of the EKC in these countries. The study also found that education plays a significant role in reducing pollution levels in these communities. At initial stages of development, education is not widespread enough to prevent society from the dangers of pollution. However, with improved development and educational systems - particularly higher education - environmental issues become a priority for society and political authorities. This leads to intensified policies for pollution control and environmental protection resulting in decreased pollution levels on the downward part of the EKC.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Education
  • CO2 emission
  • environment
  • environmental Kuznets curve
  • threshold panel model
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