بررسی تأثیر مستقیم و غیر مستقیم توسعه مالی بر نابرابری درآمد در کشورهای صادرکننده نفت

نوع مقاله : علمی

نویسندگان

گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه تبریز، ایران

10.22080/mrl.2025.28363.2143

چکیده

در دهه‌های اخیر، ارتقای رشد اقتصادی به هدف اساسی همه کشورهای جهان تبدیل شده است. اما با وجود دستیابی بسیاری از کشورها به رشد اقتصادی مطلوب، فقر و مشکلات ناشی از آن یکی از معضلات مهم در سراسر جهان می‌باشد. علت اساسی این معضل، نابرابری درآمد و شکاف طبقاتی بین گروه‌های درآمدی بالا و پایین است. بر این اساس، امروزه پژوهشگران و سیاست‌گذاران اقتصادی توجه به ویژه‌ای بر کاهش نابرابری درآمد و بهبود عدالت در کنار رشد اقتصادی دارند. برای این منظور، یکی از پیش‌شرط‌های اساسی بهبود رفاه اقتصادی و کاهش فقر، بررسی عوامل تعیین‌کننده نابرابری درآمد می‌باشد. بنابراین، با توجه به اهمیت کاهش نابرابری درآمدی از یک سو و نقش حائز اهمیت توسعه مالی در توزیع درآمد از سوی دیگر، مطالعه حاضر به دنبال بررسی نقش مستقیم و غیرمستقیم توسعه مالی در نابرابری درآمد در کشورهای صادرکننده نفت در دوره زمانی 2022-2000 با استفاده از رویکرد گشتاورهای تعمیم‌یافته (GMM) می‌باشد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه، فرضیه گرینوود-جوانوویچ تأیید می‌گردد؛ بدین معنی که یک رابطه U شکل معکوس بین توسعه مالی و نابرابری درآمدی وجود دارد. علاوه بر این، فرضیه منحنی کوزنتس مبنی بر وجود رابطه به شکل U معکوس بین رشد اقتصادی و نابرابری نیز تأیید می‌گردد. همچنین علاوه بر این، نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که شاخص‌های آموزش و فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات بطور معنی‌داری منجر به افزایش نابرابری و شاخص کنترل فساد بطوری معنی‌داری منجر به کاهش نابرابری درآمد در کشورهای صادرکننده نفت می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Direct and Indirect Impact of Financial Development on Inequality in Oil-Exporting Countries

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Kamal Sadeghi
  • Ahmed Waleed Shakir Al-Naseri
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

In recent decades, promoting economic growth has become the main goal of all countries in the world. However, despite the achievement of desirable economic growth in many countries, poverty and the problems arising from it is one of the most important problems all over the world. The main cause of this problem is income inequality and the significant gap between high and low income groups. Accordingly, economic researchers and policymakers have paid special attention to reducing income inequality and improving equity along with economic growth. For this purpose, one of the essential prerequisites for improving economic welfare and reducing poverty is to identify the determinants of income inequality. Therefore, given the importance of reducing income inequality on the one hand, and the important role of financial development in income distribution on the other hand, this study aims to investigate the direct and indirect role of financial development on income inequality in oil-exporting countries during 2000-2022 applying generalized method of moments (GMM). Based on the results, Greenwood-Jovanovic hypothesis is confirmed. It means that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between financial development and income inequality. In addition, Kuznets hypothesis based on an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and inequality, is also confirmed. Moreover, the results indicate that education and ICT indicators significantly increase inequality and the corruption control index significantly reduces income inequality in oil-exporting countries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Financial Development
  • Generalized Method of Moments
  • Greenwood-Jovanovic Hypothesis
  • Income Inequality
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