نوع مقاله : علمی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه علوم اقتصادی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران
2 کارشناس ارشد اقتصاد، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Reducing environmental challenges and achieving sustainable development goals requires conducting a comprehensive environmental assessment. In this context, the use of the carrying capacity coefficient can serve as an effective tool. This coefficient allows us to quantitatively assess environmental degradation and, by comparing biocapacity (the ability of ecosystems to produce resources and absorb waste) with ecological footprint (the amount of natural resources consumed by humans), gain a deeper analysis of environmental status. Therefore, this study examines the impact of income inequality on the carrying capacity index of Iran using the GMM method over the period 1993–2022. The findings indicate that income inequality, urbanization, GDP, and industrialization all have a significant negative impact on carrying capacity. Specifically, an increase of one unit in each of these variables leads to a reduction of 0.39, 0.13, 0.73, and 0.10 units in carrying capacity, respectively. On the other hand, the consumption of renewable energy has a significant positive effect on this index, with an increase of one unit in renewable energy consumption adding 0.13 units to carrying capacity. Therefore, with measures such as: Developing income distribution policies and reforming the tax system, gradually removing energy subsidies for high-income households, providing targeted support for low-income households, offering educational incentives, imposing taxes on high-consumption assets, applying tax incentives and special facilities for industries using clean technologies, efficient water and energy consumption, and local raw materials, particularly in low-population areas with high ecological capacity, avoiding the concentration of industries in environmentally vulnerable areas, enacting stringent regulations for industries in water-stressed and polluted areas—such as mandatory water recycling and the use of renewable energy—supporting decentralization from metropolitan areas, developing small cities, expanding clean transportation, recycling urban wastewater for green space irrigation, and promoting renewable energy development are suggested.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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