نوع مقاله : علمی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه اقتصاد، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه اقتصاد، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران
3 استادیار، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده مدیریت، علم و فناوری، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
This study extends Multi-Objective DEA with weight restrictions to examine eco-efficiency and the impact of financial development on eco-efficiency in OPEC countries during 1990–2018, utilizing three distinct data envelopment analysis (DEA) models. These models consider CO₂ emissions and ecological footprint as undesirable outputs in two models, while the third treats ecological footprint as an input. Labor, capital, and energy are considered key inputs, and GDP is the main desirable output throughout. The STIRPAT model used to evaluate the effect of financial development on eco-efficiency and estimated via the GMM technique, allows for robust control of multiple variables. comprehensive multi-dimensional financial development index is applied, alongside analysis of technology, population, and affluence effects.Key results show that Qatar, Kuwait, and the UAE exhibit the highest echo-efficiency in all models, largely due to strong GDP per capita growth and more efficient resource use, despite high pollution rates. In contrast, Iran and Algeria demonstrate the lowest efficiency, linked to higher energy consumption, weak economic output, and greater pollutant emissions. Financial development and population tend to decrease eco-efficiency by raising energy use and emissions, while technology and affluence enhance it. The findings highlight that using ecological footprint alongside or instead of CO₂ yields more robust efficiency insights.The study also identifies a bidirectional causal link between financial development and ecological efficiency, stressing the need for OPEC nations to direct financial resources toward clean energy and sustainable practices.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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