اثر تجارت بین الملل بر محیط زیست در کشورهای عضو اپک

نوع مقاله : علمی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه تبریز

2 کارشناس ارشد علوم اقتصادی

چکیده

تجارت بین­الملل با توجه به سه اثر مقیاس، ترکیبی و فناوری، کیفیت محیط زیست را تحت تاثیر قرار می­دهد. مطابق ادبیات موضوعی، با افزایش تجارت، انتقال صنایع آلاینده از کشورهایی با سیاست های زیست محیطی شدید به سمت کشورهایی با سیاست های زیست محیطی ملایم افزایش می یابد.   
 در مطالعه حاضر تاثیر تجارت بر محیط زیست کشورهای عضو اپک در دوره 1980-2005، با استفاده از روش پانل دیتا ، تخمین زده شده است. نتایج تصریح مدل دلالت بر تاثیر منفی اثر تجارت بر محیط زیست کشورهای مورد بررسی دارد. همچنین با توجه به یافته­های مقاله، فرضیه زیست محیطی کوزنتس را نمی­توان رد کرد ولی فرضیه پناهگاه آلودگی رد می­شود.
بنابراین دولت ها می­توانند با توجه به فرضیه زیست محیطی کوزنتس، با حمایت لازم از گسترش تجارت و توسعه صنایعی که ضریب فزاینده بالایی در رشد اقتصادی دارند نیل به سطوح بالای درآمد سرانه را فراهم کرده و از فشارهای زیست محیطی بکاهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Impact of international trade on environment in OPEC countries

چکیده [English]

International trade influence environment quality attentive to technique, composition & scale effects. Trade results that dirty industries removal increase from countries with tiny environmental policies to countries with stringent environmental policies. 
In this study, random an effect approach has estimated for countries of OPEC members during 1980-2005, for evaluation effect trade on environment according to compound data & panel data. Model estimate finds indicate that trade effect on environment is negative. Pollution haven hypothesis & Kuznets environment hypothesis is not accepted for this countries.
The policy makers with based EKC has done protection from Expansion of International Trade and industries that has more effect on economic growth leads increase per person income so decrease environmental degradation. In addition to adjust trade policy, protection green industrials, energy improvement efficiency are designed for perfect environment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Kuznets environment hypothesis
  • Pollution haven hypothesis
  • OPEC
  • panel data
  • International trade
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