Document Type : Scientific paper
Authors
1
Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences and Economics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
2
Assistant Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Qom University, Iran,
3
Master of Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences and Economics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Economically, the rise in this indicator leads to increased uncertainty among economic actors, resulting in reduced investment and economic growth becoming a distant possibility. Given this issue, examining the factors influencing this phenomenon will play a crucial role in its control. It should be noted that the increase in social unrest is influenced by various cultural, social, political, and economic factors. One of the reasons for the rise of this phenomenon in societies is inequality. Increasing inequality in various dimensions leads to increased tension between different segments of society on the one hand, and between the government and the people on the other. However, which type of inequality has a greater impact on social unrest is a subject that has not received much attention in studies conducted in this field. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of different types of inequality (wealth, income, and gender) on the social unrest index in selected Middle Eastern countries during the period from 1995 to 2021, using the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method. The results indicate that during the studied period, the estimated coefficients of income inequality, wealth inequality, and inflation are negative, while the estimated coefficient of per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is positive. Additionally, the estimated coefficient of the women's income share variable (reduction in gender inequality) is negative.
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